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02-01-2006, 03:28 AM

Explanations/Theories of Forgetting:

1. Motivated Forgetting – Freud suggests that we repress unpleasant feelings and events in the unconscious mind.
2. Brain damage or disease can lead to amnesia. Retrograde amnesia is loss of memory before an event. Anterograde amnesia is loss of memory after an event. One study on American footballers who had suffered concussion during a game found that they could recall what had happened to them as soon as they gained consciousness but could not recall this when asked again twenty minutes later. It was concluded that they had not transferred the information from STM to LTM
3. Interference – new incoming material interferes with material already in the memory and vice-versa. In one study participants were asked to learn a list of paired words. Half of them were then asked to learn a second paired list. On recall of the first list the group who only learnt the first list were more accurate than those who learnt both. The second list seemed to be interfering with recall of the first list. This is called retroactive interference. The opposite can also happen i.e. the first/earlier list can interfere with recall of the second or later list. This is called proactive interference.
4. Memory traces can decay over time. Memories make tiny changes in the brain and rehearsal must be used to prevent this trace fading with time. See study above on the footballers.